1.6 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS

A.  VERBS THAT END IN A CONSONANT AND-E

Example Word:

Hope                         hoping                    hoped

Date                          dating                     dated

Injure                        Injuring                  Injured

Meaning:

-Ing Form: If the word ends in –e, drop the –e and add –ing.*

-ed form : If the word ends in a consonant and –e, just add –d.

B.   VERBS THAT END IN A VOWEL AND A CONSONANT

Example Word:

One syllable Verb

Stop                          stopping                 stopped

Rob                           robbing                   robbed

Beg                           begging                   begged

(1 Vowel – 2 consonants**)

Rain                          Raining                   rained

Fool                          fooling                    fooled

Dream                       dreaming                dreamed

(2 Vowels – 1 Consonant)

Two syllable Verb

Listen                       listening                  listened

Offer                         offering                   offered

Open                         opening                  opened

(1^st syllable stressed- 1 consonant)

Begin                        beginning               (began)

Prefer                        preferring               preferred

Control                     controlling             controlled

(2^nd syllable stressed- 2 consonant)

C.   VERB THAT END IN TWO CONSONANTS

Example Word:

Start                          starting                    started

Fold                          folding                    folded

Demand                    demanding             demanded

(if the word ends in two consonants, just add the ending)

D.  VERBS THAT END IN –Y

Example Word:

Enjoy                       enjoying                 enjoyed

Pray                          praying                   prayed

Buy                           buying                    (bought)

(if –y is preceded by a vowel, keep the –y)

Study                        studying                 studied

Try                            trying                      tried

Reply                        replying                  replied

(if-y is preceded by a consonant: -ing form- keep the –y, add –ing. –Ed form: change –y to –I, add –ed)

E.   VERBS THAT END IN –IE

Example Word:

Die                            dying                      died

Lie                            lying                       lied

(-ing form: Change –ie to –y, add –ing. –Ed form: Add –d.

*Exception: If a verb ends in –ee, the final –e is not dropped: seeing, agreeing, freeing.

**Exception: -w and –x are not doubled: plow – plowed; fix – fixed

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CHAPTER 2 PRESENT AND PAST, SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE